HackerNews Summary (2023-05-09 09AM)

Source: Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans

Summary
A meta-analysis of LSD psychometric data reveals that doses between 50 and 100 μg most likely induce a full psychedelic experience. The strongest dose-modulation was for visionary and boundary-dissolving effects. Effects of doses below 20 μg were also observed and unlikely due to placebo.

Fact

🧑‍🔬 LSD doses between 50 and 100 μg most likely induce full psychedelic experiences with low risk of adverse reactions.

👁️ Strongest dose-modulation of LSD effects were visionary and boundary-dissolving effects.

😮 Effects of doses below 20 μg were observed and unlikely due to placebo.

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Source: Three Governance Case Studies

Summary
DisCOs prioritize inclusive, cooperative work with a social and environmental focus. Guerilla Translation uses a contributive accounting system that categorizes work into pro-bono/love, paid/livelihood, and care/admin. Day to day decisions are made by committed members or by casual members with the review of committed members, with a Lazy Majority method for voting. Weighted voting and stakeholder boards are used for more important decisions.

Fact

👥 DisCOs prioritize inclusive, cooperative work with a social and environmental focus.

💸 The GT DisCO uses a contributive accounting system that categorizes work into pro-bono/love, paid/livelihood, and care/admin.

🗳️ Day to day decisions are made by committed members or by casual members with review of committed members, through a Lazy Majority method for voting.

📈 Weighted voting and stakeholder boards are used for more important decisions.

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Source: Triple-Parity RAID and Beyond

Summary
RAID storage systems have been relying on double-parity RAID since the 1980s. However, as hard-drive capacities continue to grow, it might not be enough. The industry may need to adopt triple-parity RAID to ensure data reliability and prevent data loss in case of a disk rebuild.

Fact

💾 RAID, or redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, was developed in the mid-’80s to provide reliable and high-performing storage using inexpensive, commodity parts.

💾 RAID-6, or double-parity RAID, is currently the standard for high-availability and space-efficient storage.

💾 Recent trends in hard drives show that triple-parity RAID is necessary in the near future to maintain data reliability.

💾 Hard-drive density is expected to double annually, as predicted by Kryder’s law, but hard-disk throughput has failed to match this exponential growth.

💾 As hard-drive capacities continue to grow, it may take longer than four hours to rebuild a disk in a RAID group, which increases the likelihood of data loss.

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Source: Curious case of Martian traffic

Summary
FastNetMon did not receive UDP traffic over port 2055, despite TCP dump showing the traffic is being received. The issue was due to the traffic coming from IP address 0.0.0.0 which is supposed to be dropped by Linux kernel as per RFC 1812. Linux counts the dropped packages as martians and can log the discarded traffic by changing the configuration of the kernel.

Fact

🚨IP address 0.0.0.0 is classified as belonging to the special purpose range of 0.0.0.0/8, according to RFC 1812.

🚨Linux kernel follows RFC 1812 by dropping any traffic coming from this range which is not from localhost / loop interface.

🚨The martian packets that are dropped are logged by the Linux kernel, and their traffic count can be found by using ‘lnstat -k in_martian_dst,in_martian_src -w 20 -c 1’.

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Source: T Cells Can Activate Themselves to Fight Tumors

Summary
T cells train and activate themselves for the immune response. They can bind their receptor (CD28) with their ligand (B7) by curving their own cell membrane.

Fact

🩸 T cells defend the body against infection and cancer.

👥 Antigen-presenting cells present antigens to T cells in lymph organs.

👋 B7 protein on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 receptor on T cells interact to trigger an immune response.

🤝 T cells can make their own B7 protein or take it from antigen-presenting cells they encountered.

🌀 By curving their cell membrane, T cells can allow B7 and CD28 to bind, activating themselves.

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